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撰写英语科技论文中“研究现状”常用的句式
2021-05-11 00:00:00

  在科技论文中,研究现状主要是阐述其他学者、也包括作者本人与论文要探讨的问题或现象相关的研究工作,通常先“总”后“分”地陈述。下面,医刊汇编译结合工作实践经验,总结出英语科技论文中写作研究现状的常用句式。



  一、“总述”常用一个句子概括相关的研究工作,一般用现在完成时:

  1.用主动语态时,常用researcher / author / investigator / writer等作主语,如:Many / Several / A number of / Few researchers have studied / investigated / examined / explored / reported on / discussed / considered + 研究主题.

  2.用被动语态时,常用study / research / investigation / experiment / work / attention等作主语。如果描述“研究主题”的单词少,那么“研究主题”可置于句中,如:Many studies / researches / investigationes / experimentes on + 研究主题 + have been performed / done / published.当描述“研究主题”的单词较多时,可置于句末,如:Much work / attention has been performed / done / published on + 研究主题.

  用被动语态时,也可用“研究主题”作主语,如:研究主题 + has been studied / investigated / examined / explored / reported on / discussed / considered by many investigators / several researchers / a number of authors / few writers. 又如:The study of + 研究主题 + has been widely reported / found / published in the literature.

  二、“分述”是具体地介绍他人所做的相关研究成果。需要注意的是,这部分所列参考文献要准确、全面,不能堆积,更不能将每篇参考文献的摘要抄一遍,而是要概括出与论文研究有关的要点:

  1.用主动语态时,可用学者的姓氏作主语(这里用somebody替代了学者的姓氏),常见的句式有以下三种:

  第一种是主从复合句,如:Somebody showed / found / reported / noted / suggested / observed / pointed out + that从句。其中that从句是叙述somebody所做的具体研究成果。

  第二种是并列两个句子,第一句仅描述某位学者的研究活动,第二句才叙述其研究成果。如:Somebody studied / researched / investigated / explored / examined the effect of X on Y. He/They found + that从句.

  第三种是简单句,直接介绍某学者的研究工作,如:Somebody investigated / has investigated + 研究内容( + by / using X method)。当依次介绍多位学者的研究工作时,为避免单调,可根据不同的研究内容轮换使用下述动词,如study,solve,seek,describe,predict,carry out,emply,develop,find,calculate,analyse,obtain,present,propose,report,account for,take into account,establish等。

  2.采用被动语态的简单句,用研究内容作主语。如:研究内容 + was / has been investigated + by somebody using X method.

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